How to cite the SAET

The St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology (SAET) is a free, open access resource for scholars at all levels. When you use information from any article, it is important that you follow good academic practice in citing that material appropriately.

As far as possible, Encyclopaedia articles should be cited as contributions to an edited online reference work. The format below can be adapted for the citation style appropriate to where and how you intend to use the cited material.

Click the 'Cite' button on an article page to preview examples of how to cite the article.

How to cite an article

Bibliography:
McGrath, Alister. 2022. 'Natural Theology', in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. Edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/NaturalTheology
In-text citation:
(McGrath 2022)

Citing the whole collection

Wolfe, Brendan N. et al. (eds). 2022–. St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. www.saet.ac.uk

Citing updated or previous versions

When SAET articles are updated, a new version is released. Each version has its own publication date, which can be found near the top of the article page. Use the 'Cite' button to view the citation for that version, including the correct date and URL.

Publication date:
You should always use the publication date of the version you are citing. If more than one version of an article was published in the same year, include the month of publication in the citation.
URL:
The article's stable URL is the web address of the current version. You should use the stable URL even when citing an older version of the article.
Citing two versions of the same article:

In this case, as an exception, use the URLs of the versions consulted.

Examples

See below for examples of how to cite the SAET in other citation styles.

  • For citing an article using Chicago 17, refer to Chicago Manual of Style 14.234: Citing individual reference entries by author.

    Note that the bibliography entry includes the article's full publication date. When citing the whole collection, include an 'accessed' date.

    Article citation

    Full note:
    Aku Visala, “Free Will,” in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (University of St Andrews, 2022). https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill.
    Shortened note:
    Visala, “Free Will.”
    Bibliography:
    Visala, Aku. “Free Will.” In St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. University of St Andrews, 2022–. Article published March 21, 2022. https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill.

    Citing the whole collection

    Full note:
    Wolfe, Brendan N. et al., eds. 2022–. The St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. https://www.saet.ac.uk. Accessed March 21, 2022.
    Shortened note:
    Wolfe et al., St Andrews Encyclopaedia.

    • For citing an article using Chicago 17, refer to Chicago Manual of Style 14.234: Citing individual reference entries by author.

    Note that the bibliography entry includes the article's full publication date. When citing the whole collection, include an 'accessed' date.

    Article citation

    Full note:
    Aku Visala, “Free Will,” in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (University of St Andrews, 2022). https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill.
    Shortened note:
    Visala, “Free Will.”
    Bibliography:
    Visala, Aku. “Free Will.” In St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. University of St Andrews, 2022–. Article published March 21, 2022. https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill.

    Citing the whole collection

    Full note:
    Wolfe, Brendan N. et al., eds. 2022–. The St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. https://www.saet.ac.uk. Accessed March 21, 2022.
    Shortened note:
    Wolfe et al., St Andrews Encyclopaedia.

  • For article citations, include the full article publication date in the reference list. When citing the whole collection, include an 'accessed' date.

    Article citation

    Reference list:
    Visala, Aku. 2022. “Free Will.” In St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. University of St Andrews. Article published March 21, 2022. https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill.
    In-text citation:
    (Visala 2022)

    Citing the whole collection

    Reference list:
    Wolfe, Brendan N. et al., eds. 2022–. St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. https://www.saet.ac.uk. Accessed March 21, 2022.
    Author-date reference:
    (Wolfe et al. 2022–)

    • For article citations, include the full article publication date in the reference list. When citing the whole collection, include an 'accessed' date.

    Article citation

    Reference list:
    Visala, Aku. 2022. “Free Will.” In St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, edited by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. University of St Andrews. Article published March 21, 2022. https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill.
    In-text citation:
    (Visala 2022)

    Citing the whole collection

    Reference list:
    Wolfe, Brendan N. et al., eds. 2022–. St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. https://www.saet.ac.uk. Accessed March 21, 2022.
    Author-date reference:
    (Wolfe et al. 2022–)

  • Harvard's style for edited online reference works includes an 'accessed' date for article citations and for citing the whole collection.

    Article citation

    Visala, A. (2022) Free Will. In: B. N. Wolfe et al., eds. St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. Available at: https//www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill [Accessed 14 March 2022].

    Citing the whole collection

    Wolfe, B. N. et al., eds. (2022–) St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. Available at: https//www.saet.ac.uk [Accessed 14 March 2022].

    • Harvard's style for edited online reference works includes an 'accessed' date for article citations and for citing the whole collection.

    Article citation

    Visala, A. (2022) Free Will. In: B. N. Wolfe et al., eds. St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. Available at: https//www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/FreeWill [Accessed 14 March 2022].

    Citing the whole collection

    Wolfe, B. N. et al., eds. (2022–) St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology. University of St Andrews. Available at: https//www.saet.ac.uk [Accessed 14 March 2022].

  • Article citation

    Full citation:
    Aku Visala, 'Free Will', in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (University of St Andrews, 2022) < https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/SacrificeintheOldTestament >
    Short citation:
    Aku Visala, 'Free Will', in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. by Wolfe et al.

    Citing the whole collection

    St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (University of St Andrews, 2022–) < https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/SacrificeintheOldTestament >

    • Article citation

    Full citation:
    Aku Visala, 'Free Will', in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (University of St Andrews, 2022) < https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/SacrificeintheOldTestament >
    Short citation:
    Aku Visala, 'Free Will', in St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. by Wolfe et al.

    Citing the whole collection

    St Andrews Encyclopaedia of Theology, ed. by Brendan N. Wolfe et al. (University of St Andrews, 2022–) < https://www.saet.ac.uk/Christianity/SacrificeintheOldTestament >