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  2. Primordial Human Nature (fiṭra)

    The concept of fiṭra (primordial human nature or natural disposition) plays an important role in Islamic theological anthropology. It is first and foremost a scriptural concept, being present both within the Qur’an (Q. 30:30) and the Hadith (especially the hadith ‘every child is born upon t...
    Author
    Ramon Harvey
    Faith tradition
    Islam
    Topics
    Being and existence

  3. God and Philosophy of Time

    What Christians call ‘creation’ is fundamentally, inescapably, and entirely temporal. Humans, too, are temporal beings. As such, understanding the nature of time has been a philosophical pursuit since the pre-Socratic philosophers. Theologians have not been exempted from this interest, an...
    Author
    Emily Qureshi-Hurst
    Faith tradition
    Christianity
    Topics
    Being and existence

  4. Postmodern Philosophy and Theology

    This article offers an overview of some of the key themes and motifs in postmodern philosophy which have influenced contemporary Christian theology as well as a survey of some of the theological responses to these philosophical ideas and methods. The first section of the article examines th...
    Author
    King-Ho Leung and John Milbank
    Faith tradition
    Christianity
    Topics
    Philosophy and science

  5. Truth and Reality (ḥaqq and ḥaqīqa)

    This entry investigates the singular Islamic theme of al-ḥaqq and al-ḥaqīqa (truth and reality), with particular attention being given to the mystical tradition of Islam. Since there are numerous meanings underpinning al-ḥaqq, including truth, reality, fact, rightness, established, and nece...
    Author
    Mukhtar H. Ali
    Faith tradition
    Islam
    Topics
    Being and existence

  6. Participation in the Christian Doctrinal and Philosophical Tradition

    ‘Participation’ or ‘partaking’ has featured in Christian theology since the New Testament, describing a relation of derivation, likeness, or communion. Theologians including Gregory of Nyssa, Augustine of Hippo, Pseudo-Dionysius, Maximus the Confessor, and Thomas Aquinas made this theme a...
    Author
    Andrew Davison
    Faith tradition
    Christianity
    Topics
    Being and existence

  7. The Perfect Human (al-insān al-kāmil)

    The Islamic mystical doctrine of the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) – whose bodily existence is deemed to mark the culmination of the cosmic process of divine self-disclosure – has had a lasting impact on Sufi thought and practice from the late medieval period onwards. It has also filter...
    Author
    Richard Todd
    Faith tradition
    Islam
    Topics
    Being and existence

  8. Divine Eternity

    Among theists there is neither philosophical nor theological consensus regarding divine eternity. Disagreement can be sharp, and the literature treating God’s eternity is vast, varied, and often complex. For Christians there is a perennial interest in divine eternity because Christianity is a...
    Author
    James E. Dolezal
    Faith tradition
    Christianity
    Topics
    Being and existence

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