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2. Islamic Political Theology

   The central idea within Islamic political theology is that sovereignty, or the authority of final judgment, in nature as well as law, belongs to God. At its heart lies God’s revealed command rather than a logically derived corollary of God’s nature or analogy with God’s governance. The Qur’...

   ​Author

   Ovamir Anjum

   ​Faith tradition

   Islam

   ​Topics

   Theological movements

3. Ismāʿīlī Shīʿism

   Representing the second largest Shīʿī Muslim community after the Ithnāʿasharīs, or Twelver Shīʿīs, the Ismāʿīlīs have had a complex history dating back to the formative period of Islam. In medieval times, the Ismāʿīlīs established states of their own, the Fāṭimid caliphate and the Nizārī Is...

   ​Author

   Farhad Daftary

   ​Faith tradition

   Islam

   ​Topics

   Theological movements

4. Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933)

   Anagarika Dharmapala (1864–1933) was a Buddhist speaker, activist, missionary, and founder of the Maha Bodhi Society. A complex and influential figure in modern Buddhism, multiple characterizations of his life are certainly possible. He cleverly crafted different images of what he stood for...

   ​Author

   Bhadrajee Hewage

   ​Faith tradition

   Buddhism

   ​Topics

   Figures and thinkers

5. Zaydī Shīʿism

   Zaydī Shīʿism is a tradition of Islamic law and theology with deep historical roots in the Muslim world. This article provides a historical overview, beginning with Imām Zayd b. ʿAlī (d. 122/740), and then tracing the movement’s development in Iraq, northern Iran, and Yemen through to the n...

   ​Author

   Scott Lucas and Egbal Almahatwary

   ​Faith tradition

   Islam

   ​Topics

   Theological movements

6. Christian Views of Islam

   In the contemporary world, Christians and Muslims make up the world’s two largest religious communities, together comprising somewhere between a third and half of the world’s population. The relationship between them is, therefore, important. This article outlines Christian thinking about I...

   ​Author

   Hugh Goddard

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Theology of religions

7. The Perfect Human (al-insān al-kāmil)

   The Islamic mystical doctrine of the perfect human (al-insān al-kāmil) – whose bodily existence is deemed to mark the culmination of the cosmic process of divine self-disclosure – has had a lasting impact on Sufi thought and practice from the late medieval period onwards. It has also filter...

   ​Author

   Richard Todd

   ​Faith tradition

   Islam

   ​Topics

   Being and existence

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