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Sin
- In the Christian tradition, sin may refer to an act or state that is contrary to God or God’s purposes, such as God’s commands, laws, covenants, or unitive purposes. When speaking of sin, one could classify sins into sins against God, sins against oneself, and sins against others. Further, ...
- Author
- Parker Haratine
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Being and existence, Ethics
Sacrifice and the Old Testament
- This article introduces the reader to ancient sacrificial rituals that the biblical authors regarded as acceptable to their God, as they are portrayed in Old Testament Hebrew texts. These texts, especially instructions in the Pentateuch regarding the system of ...
- Author
- Roy E. Gane
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Sacred texts
Science and Fallenness
- This entry offers an overview of some ways to consider the Christian doctrine of the fall in light of the conclusions of contemporary science. Commencing with a concise account of the biblical basis for this doctrine, it looks to the second creation story in Genesis and some relevant pass...
- Author
- Andrew Torrance
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Philosophy and science
Teshuva
- This encyclopaedia article aims to provide an exhaustive investigation of the concept of Teshuva in Jewish thought, with a focus on its historical trajectory and multifaceted interpretations. The term teshuva in Hebrew etymologically means ‘return’, suggesting a journey back to an original st...
- Author
- Ghila Amati and Miri Freud-Kandel
- Faith tradition
- Judaism
- Topics
- Spiritual life and practices
Evil
- Evil both is and is not a central part of the Christian theological vision. There is no equal and opposite to God, and no necessary or appropriate place for evil in God’s good creation. Nevertheless, creation is afflicted by evil: the divine response to evil is a central part of Christian f...
- Author
- Karen Kilby
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Being and existence
Chinese Christian Theology
- This article offers an overview of some of the major Christian theological themes that have arisen from the concerns of Chinese Catholic and Protestant Christians since the seventeenth century. It explores contextual factors that have shaped competing categories of loyalty, from differing c...
- Author
- Alexander Chow and Stephanie Wong
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Theological movements
Jesus as the Pattern of Love in Atonement
- This article discusses the interpretation of the Christian doctrine of atonement which is usually called the ‘moral influence’ theory. A close analysis will suggest that this theory is better called ‘persuasive love’, since the revelation of God’s love in the death of Christ is central to...
- Author
- Paul Fiddes
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Being and existence
Jesus’ Descent into Hell
- The Apostles’ Creed affirms that, between his death and resurrection, Jesus Christ descendit ad inferna, ‘descended to the realm of the dead’ or, more traditionally, ‘descended into hell’. Christians across time and history have expressed particular interpretations of this clause in liturgy...
- Author
- Preston McDaniel Hill and Catherine Ella Laufer
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Being and existence
Sacrifice and the New Testament
- In the ancient Near East and Roman Empire of the first century CE, sacrificial rituals were a common worship practice of many different religions and cultures. Due to the destruction of the Herodian Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE, early Christianity developed – as a movement of Jews who followe...
- Author
- Christian Eberhart
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Sacred texts
Heresy: Early Development of the Concept
- After tracing the evolution in meaning of the Greek word hairesis from ‘choice’ to ‘false belief’, this entry examines the criteria according to which a belief was judged to be heretical, either by particular controversialists or by bodies which purported to legislate on behalf of the Chris...
- Author
- Mark Edwards
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Law, Theological movements
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