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Natural Theology
- This article explores the biblical foundations and historical development of natural theology, noting in particular its relationship with the emergence of the natural sciences. After considering some questions of definition, the biblical foundations of natural theology are considered, follo...
- Author
- Alister McGrath
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Theological methods
Theology and Naturalism
- Historically and today, the movement of naturalism affirms the reality of the natural world, rejecting religious views of God, the soul, and values when these are understood to be supernatural or transcending the natural world. There are two forms of naturalism. According to scientific na...
- Author
- Charles Taliaferro
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Philosophy and science
The History of Science and Theology
- This entry offers a history of the different ways in which the formal study of the natural world has been related to theological considerations in the Western Christian tradition. Because what counts as science and what counts as theology has changed over time, it begins with a history of t...
- Author
- Peter Harrison
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Philosophy and science
Revelation – Mattan Torah
- Revelation is a central concept in Judaism, referring broadly to the communication of God’s will. This article addresses Jewish thinking about how God communicates God’s will to the Jewish people and to humanity more generally. It identifies main themes and debates that recur in Judaism, fr...
- Author
- Benjamin D. Sommer
- Faith tradition
- Judaism
- Topics
- Law, Sacred texts
Primordial Human Nature (fiṭra)
- The concept of fiṭra (primordial human nature or natural disposition) plays an important role in Islamic theological anthropology. It is first and foremost a scriptural concept, being present both within the Qur’an (Q. 30:30) and the Hadith (especially the hadith ‘every child is born upon t...
- Author
- Ramon Harvey
- Faith tradition
- Islam
- Topics
- Being and existence
Stoicism and Christian Ethics
- It is widely accepted that the Stoics had a decisive influence on historical Christian thought, particularly Christian ethics. But the nature of this influence is contested among contemporary scholars. Moreover, even those historical and contemporary theologians who engage with Stoic writin...
- Author
- Elizabeth Agnew Cochran
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Philosophy and science
Dōgen (1200–1253)
- Dōgen can without any doubt be considered one of the most important Japanese thinkers of all times. An aristocrat by birth, he entered the head monastery of the Tendai school favoured by the nobility at an early age, left it when he did not find satisfactory answers to his questions, later st...
- Author
- Rein Raud
- Faith tradition
- Buddhism
- Topics
- Figures and thinkers
Justice and Rights
- The aim of this article is to give the reader a synoptic view of justice in the thought of the Christian church and, more briefly, in its practice, over the centuries and today. Scripture is foundational in the thought and life of the church, so the article begins by taking note of ...
- Author
- Nicholas Wolterstorff
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Ethics
Jesus’ Preexistence and Incarnation
- This article defines the doctrinal concepts of ‘preexistence’ and ‘incarnation’ as they are applied to Jesus Christ. It explores the doctrine of the incarnation in Christian scripture as it was interpreted by the first seven ecumenical councils of the ancient church. It argues that these ...
- Author
- David Moser
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Being and existence
Utilitarianism and Christian Theology
- Utilitarianism is one of the most straightforward ethical theories: it simply calls for the greatest welfare for the greatest number. Despite its early links to theological reasoning, this moral view has often been sharply contrasted with the outlook of Christians. This entry presents the k...
- Author
- Vesa Hautala and Dominic Roser
- Faith tradition
- Christianity
- Topics
- Philosophy and science
1 - 10 of 17 Results.