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2. Magisterial Teaching of John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis

   This chapter offers an overview of the magisterial teaching of the pontificates of John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis. This includes a summary of the content of their encyclicals and their other most significant magisterial documents. Summaries are also provided of the major theologica...

   ​Author

   Tracey Rowland

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Theological movements

3. Grace in Roman Catholic Theology

   Grace may be described as the gratuitous self-communication of God through Christ in the Holy Spirit. The term also refers to the living, actual, and continuous experience humans have of this saving event. In a wholly unmerited way, the Spirit of the risen Christ becomes present in the chur...

   ​Author

   Paul O’Callaghan and Catalina Vial de Amesti

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Being and existence

4. Sacraments and Signs in the Roman Catholic Tradition

   This article works to establish a conceptual definition for sacraments in relation to the concept of sign within the Roman Catholic Christian tradition. In the Catholic tradition, seven sacraments are recognized: baptism, confirmation, Eucharist, penance, anointing, holy orders, and marriag...

   ​Author

   Reginald Lynch O.P.

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Spiritual life and practices

5. Roman Catholic Canon Law

   The Canon Law of the Roman Catholic Church is contained in two Codes that legislate on the way the Church is organized and carries out its activities in the world. The Law is understood with reference to a renewed ecclesiology expressed in the texts of the Second Vatican Council, which deeply...

   ​Author

   Patrick Valdrini

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Law, Spiritual life and practices

6. Purgatory in Historical Perspective

   Purgatory is a place, state, or stage in the Christian afterlife where, after death, the soul is purged of minor, unexpiated sin so that it can be fit for heaven. ‘Purgatory’ derives from the Latin purgare (to purge) and hence as the noun purgatorium it is a place of purgation and purific...

   ​Author

   Isabel Moreira

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Being and existence

7. Theology in Latin America

   This article will survey the historical process behind, and the main topics of, Christian theology as it developed and appears today in Latin America. It will first make a historical retrieval of how this theology had, for a large time, a European configuration, reinforced by a strong roman...

   ​Author

   Maria Clara Bingemer

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Theological movements

8. Sacrifice and the Eucharist

   As the uniquely Christian form of worship, the Eucharist is studied by ‘systematic’ theologians in terms of its coherence with revelation as a whole, and by ‘dogmatic’ theologians in light of historic definitions that still impact the churches of today. Examination of ‘eucharistic sacrifi...

   ​Author

   John Stephenson

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Spiritual life and practices

9. Charismatic Gifts

   Charismatic gifts, often referred to as spiritual gifts, are understood within Christian theology as bestowed by the Holy Spirit upon believers for the purpose of edifying the church and advancing its mission. The Christian theology of charismatic gifts has a rich and complex history, relat...

   ​Author

   Jacob Dodson with Amos Yong

   ​Faith tradition

   Christianity

   ​Topics

   Spiritual life and practices

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